Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country and ninth-largest overall, is often underestimated as a tourist destination. Pervaded by vast steppes, soaring mountains, and shimmering lakes, Kazakhstan boasts a diverse terrain as rich as its culture. The nation, which straddles both Europe and Asia, is steeped in history and offers a blend of ancient traditions and modern innovation. For the intrepid traveller, here are the top ten must-visit destinations in the heart of Central Asia.
1. Almaty
Kazakhstan’s former capital, Almaty, is a vibrant metropolis that encapsulates the spirit of the nation. Nestled against the backdrop of the majestic Tien Shan Mountains, the city is home to impressive architecture, lush green spaces, and lively markets. Visitors can explore the Central State Museum, which showcases Kazakhstan’s rich history, or take a leisurely stroll through Panfilov Park, where the striking Zenkov Cathedral, built entirely of wood, stands out. The nearby Medeu skating rink, located at 1,691 metres above sea level, is not only a famous venue for ice skating but also offers a stunning view of the surrounding peaks.
2. Astana (Nur-Sultan)
The newly established capital, Astana, now known as Nur-Sultan, is a shining example of modern architecture. This city is famous for its futuristic skyline, including the ethereal Bayterek Tower, which symbolises the country’s aspiration for growth and innovation. In addition, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, designed by Norman Foster, serves as a venue for interfaith dialogue and cultural exchange. The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre, the world’s largest tent, offers shopping, dining, and even an indoor beach, showcasing the unique fusion of culture and leisure.
3. Charyn Canyon
Dubbed the ‘Grand Canyon of Kazakhstan’, Charyn Canyon is a breathtaking natural wonder located about 200 kilometres east of Almaty. This geological masterpiece stretches 154 kilometres and boasts stunning rock formations, some resembling ancient castles. The best way to explore the canyon is by hiking the trails, where visitors can admire the colourful landscape and diverse flora and fauna. The site is especially captivating at sunset when the hues of the canyon change dramatically.
4. Baikonur Cosmodrome
For those intrigued by space exploration, a visit to the Baikonur Cosmodrome is a must. This historic site is where Yuri Gagarin launched into space in 1961, marking humanity’s first journey into the cosmos. Guided tours provide insight into the workings of the world’s oldest and largest space launch facility, including a chance to view rocket launches. The experience offers a unique fusion of science and history that few destinations can match.
5. Medeu Valley
The Medeu Valley, located just outside of Almaty, is renowned for its high-altitude ice skating rink and stunning alpine scenery. Surrounded by the towering peaks of the Zailiyskiy Alatau mountains, the rink is an ideal spot for both professional athletes and leisure skaters. In winter, the area transforms into a winter sports haven, with skiing, snowboarding, and other snow-related activities attracting thrill-seekers from around the world.
6. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
In the ancient city of Turkestan, the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a UNESCO World Heritage site that reflects the architectural mastery of the 14th century. This monumental structure is dedicated to the famous Sufi scholar and poet, Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, and features exquisite turquoise tiles and intricate carvings. The site is not only a pilgrimage for many but also an important cultural landmark that highlights Kazakhstan’s Islamic heritage.
7. Altyn-Emel National Park
Spanning an expansive 460,000 hectares, Altyn-Emel National Park is known for its diverse landscapes, including mountains, deserts, and unique geological formations. The park is home to the famous Singing Dunes, which emit a melodic sound when the sand is disturbed. Visitors can also spot the endangered wild horse, the Przewalski’s horse, as well as a variety of other wildlife. With its beautiful scenery and tranquillity, Altyn-Emel is ideal for hiking, bird watching, and experiencing the beauty of Kazakhstan’s natural world.
8. The Steppe and the City of Semey
The city of Semey, located near the confluence of the Irtysh and Semey rivers, is a perfect gateway to explore the vast steppes of Kazakhstan. This area is the last resting place of the famous Kazakh poet Abai Kunanbayev and features a museum dedicated to his life and works. The surrounding steppe offers a chance to experience the traditional nomadic lifestyle, with opportunities for yurt stays, horse riding, and cultural performances.
9. The Caspian Sea
Kazakhstan’s coastline along the Caspian Sea is a hidden gem that features beautiful beaches, resorts, and an array of water sports opportunities. The city of Aktau, known for its white cliffs and beaches, provides a perfect escape from the bustling cities. Visitors can enjoy swimming, jet skiing, or simply relaxing on the sands while taking in the serene beauty of the world’s largest inland body of water.
10. Altai Mountains
For adventure seekers, the Altai Mountains in eastern Kazakhstan promise unparalleled hiking and nature experiences. This UNESCO World Heritage site boasts breathtaking landscapes, including glaciers, rivers, and deep valleys. The region is home to numerous wildlife species, including snow leopards and ibex. The Altai Mountains offer a chance to explore pristine nature while embracing outdoor activities such as trekking, climbing, and photography.
Conclusion
Kazakhstan, with its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage, is a treasure trove for discerning travellers. From the vibrant cities that echo modernity and history to the stunning natural wonders that are a testament to the country’s scenic beauty, there is something for everyone in this expansive nation. While it may not have the same level of recognition as other destinations, Kazakhstan is an exceptional place waiting to be unveiled. As the country continues to grow and develop, it promises an exciting adventure for those who venture into its heart.
FAQs
1. What is the best time to visit Kazakhstan?
The ideal time to visit Kazakhstan is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and pleasant.
2. Is it safe to travel in Kazakhstan?
Yes, Kazakhstan is generally considered safe for tourists, but it is advisable to stay vigilant and follow standard travel precautions.
3. What language do people speak in Kazakhstan?
Kazakh is the official language, but Russian is also widely spoken. Many people in urban areas, particularly younger generations, can communicate in English.
4. What currency is used in Kazakhstan?
The currency used is the Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT).
5. Do I need a visa to visit Kazakhstan?
Visa requirements depend on your nationality. Some countries have visa-free access for short stays, while others may require a visa. Always check the latest travel regulations before planning your visit.
